"Environmental history in the Philippines is a relatively new field, gaining traction only in the late 1990s, despite its roots as a subdiscipline in the United States since the 1950s. Pioneering studies by Filipinos have addressed topics such as American imperialism and ancestral lands (Reyes-Boquiren 1999), forestry (Orillos-Juan 1999; De Leon-Bolinao 2005), and pestilence (Dery 2006; Dela Cruz 2006; Orillos-Juan 2006). Research typically focuses on specific events and locations, exemplified by Raymund Abejo’s (2005) article “Mga Kalamidad at ang Rebelyong Dios-Dios sa Samar Noong Dantaon” (Calamities and the Dios-Dios Rebellion in Nineteenth-Century Samar). James Francis Warren’s latest book, Typhoons: Climate, Society, and History in the Philippines, expands this field of study by examining the profound effects of typhoons in various Philippine provinces over five centuries..."